Sunday, April 23, 2017

鄧麗君 Teresa Teng 情人不要哭 Sweetheart, Do Not Cry

Country Management - Global Security Governance - Global Military Security Governance 国家管理 – 全球安全治理 – 全球军事安全治理



Country Management - Global Security Governance - Global Military Security Governance

国家管理   全球安全治理 全球军事安全治理

1.      Introduction

At present, not only terrorist incidents occur frequently around the world, regional military conflicts continue in some areas. Potential regional military conflicts are also happening now and then. This can not be worried by every one of us who cares about the world peace. Therefore, we also need to reflect on the mechanism of global military security governance, we need to develop and improve our existing global military security governance mechanism, so as to comprehensively improve the global security management mechanism, improve the management level, prevent regional conflicts, maintain the world peace, and protect the peaceful buildup of every country in the world. Here I would like to present my elaboration on this issue and hope that my thinking will provide a useful solution to the issue of global military security governance.

2.      Global Military Security Governance

2.1.      Definition

Global military security governance mainly refers to the establishment of a global military deterrence mechanism, military intervention mechanism, military cooperation and military exercise mechanism to prevent and eliminate regional conflicts, safeguard world peace, and so on.

2.2.      Roles

Global military security governance can provide further protection for the military security of each country at the international level; provide an effective international cooperation mechanism for deterrence and prevention of possible regional conflicts, when necessary, under the support of international law or the United Nations resolution, carry out appropriate regional military interventions to maintain regional peace. The main role of global military security governance is to establish a military exercise system and a military cooperation system on global scale; create conditions for the development of military personnel exchanges and friendships in various countries; create conditions for cultivating and creating military talents with international perspectives.

2.3.      Content

2.3.1.     Organizational structure

2.3.1.1.      The United Nations Military Security Agency

As global internal security governance, global military security governance can also be managed by a special agency in the United Nations, which can be named as the United Nations Military Security Agency. The United Nations Military Security Agency is responsible for managing all matters relating to global military security, which include the deployment and management of the United Nations military security forces. The jurisdiction of the Global Military Migration Management Department, which I mentioned earlier, can also be attributed to this agency.

2.3.1.2.      The United Nations Military Security Force

At present, the most well-known organization involved in global military security governance is the United Nations peace-keeping force [1]. The United Nations Peacekeeping Force was established in June 1948. Since 1948, a total of 130 countries have provided military and police force for it, more than 1 million soldiers or police officers had served under in its flag. The contribution of this organization to world peace is remarkable. But there is a problem, that is, the deployment of United Nations peacekeeping forces is generally carried out after the occurrence of regional conflicts. This mechanism is meaningless for the prevention of regional conflicts. Of cause peacekeeping operations after regional conflicts are undoubtedly high cost, high risk and high price. This is the question of the existing global military security governance mechanism.

This organization can be gradually transformed to the global military security forces, its name can be renamed as: the United Nations military security forces. Its roles can be gradually transitioned from peacekeeping to the prevention of regional conflicts. This force can be pre-deployed in potential areas where conflict occurs, which can greatly increase the response speed for corresponding to the crisis.

2.3.2.     Deployment and defense structure

2.3.2.1.      Plane structure

24 fulcrums (including hot spots) can be selected globally, each fulcrum can be deployed 1200 people; such 1200 people can come from 3 to 4 countries. The practice can learn from the practice of the existing United Nations peacekeeping force. The maximum length of each garrison can be three years. All United Nations Member States should have the opportunity to provide military force to the United Nations military security force and to participate in the military deployment of 24 fulcrums in a rotation.

24 fulcrums shall make full use of existing military facility resources.

2.3.2.2.      Branch structure of armed force

In 24 different fulcrums, mixed configuration of multiple branch of armed force shall be considered as much as possible. A single fulcrum can be consisted with a single branch of armed force, but it can also consisted with multiple branched of armed forces.

2.3.2.3.      Spatial structure

The space structure mainly refers to that the United Nations military security force shall include the cooperation mechanism of navy, air force and outer space forces. Of course, Resources for space structure deployment can be mainly provided by the military power countries, here mainly including the United Nations Security Council member states.

2.3.3.      Military Funding

As global military security governance mainly is a conflict prevention and deterrence mechanism, military cooperation and military exercise mechanism, therefore, there is a certain role of campus, so its funding should be borne by all participating countries themselves, the fulcrum countries should try to provide fulcrum resources in a free style. This can also be addressed in the light of the existing practice of the United Nations.

2.3.4. Main work

2.3.4.1. Patrol and intervention in potential conflict occurrence areas

2.3.4.2. Participation in peacekeeping operations

2.3.4.3. Military cooperation and exercises

2.3.4.4. Relationship development in the resident country

3. Relationship with the United Nations Security Council and the Regional Security Council

The United Nations Security Council and the Regional Security Council are both international organizations to resolve disputes and deal with regional conflicts. And the United Nations military security force is fundamental conflict prevention and deterrence mechanism, the establishment of this mechanism will greatly reduce the occurrence of regional conflicts. Cooperation between them can be carried out through the United Nations Military Security Agency.

4. Relationship with the Resident Country

The relationship between the United Nations military security force and the fulcrum country is a cooperative relationship, but the United Nations military security force only accept orders from their superiors. In peaceful time, the United Nations military security forces should, as far as possible, participate in the construction and development of fulcrum countries in different ways, especially in emergency affairs, such as flood fighting and relief, and so on. The United Nations military security force can also participate in military education in the fulcrum countries in different ways.

5. Meaning

The significance of the improvement of the global military security governance mechanism lies in:

• Can turn the confrontation of large country military groups into cooperation
• Can turn the peacekeeping after regional conflicts into advance prevention
• Establish multi-dimensional global military cooperation system
• Establish multi-dimensional global military defense system
• Establish global military exchange and cooperation mechanism
• Establish global military education mechanism
• Can make the relationship between the United Nations and the member states to be more specific and closer

6. Conclusion

The concept of global military security governance
is a major contribution to the international security system, it is also an important content of Beizhan Global Governance Thought, renaming the United Nations peace-keeping force to the United Nations Military Security Force, establishing the United Nations Military Security Agency, achieving global military deployment, will help to straighten out the relationship, turn peacekeeping after regional conflicts to advance prevention, its significance is significant and multifaceted. The United Nations will also achieve more effective management of the world and to raise its authority of international governance.

1.   前言

目前,不仅恐怖事件在世界各地频繁发生,地区性军事冲突在某些地区也持续不断。潜在的地区性军事冲突也时隐时现。这不能不令我们每一个关心世界和平的人感到担忧。因此,我们也很有必要对全球军事安全治理的机制进行反思,我们需要发展和完善我们现有的全球军事安全治理机制,从而全面完善全球安全治理机制,提升管理水平,防范地区冲突,维护世界和平,为世界各国的和平建设保驾护航。这里我提出我对这一议题的阐述,希望我的思想能够为全球军事安全治理这一议题提供有益的解决方案。

2.   全球军事安全治理

2.1.      定义

全球军事安全治理主要指在全球范围内建立军事威慑机制,军事干预机制,军事合作和军事演练机制,防范和消除地区冲突,维护世界和平,等等。

2.2.      作用

全球军事安全治理可以在国际层面上为每一个国家的军事安全提供进一步的保障,提供国际化的有效的合作机制,对于可能发生的地区冲突起到威慑和预防的作用,必要时,在国际法或联合国决议的支持下,进行适当的地区性军事干预,维持地区和平。全球军事安全治理更为主要的作用是可以在全球范围内建立军事演练体系,军事合作体系,为发展各国军事人员的交流和友谊创造条件,为培养和造就具有国际化视野的军事人才创造条件。

2.3.      内容

2.3.1.                     组织结构

2.3.1.1.联合国军事安全署

同全球内务安全治理一样,全球军事安全治理也可以在联合国成立专门的部门来进行管理,这一部门可以命名为联合国军事安全署。联合国军事安全署负责管理涉及全球军事安全的全部事宜,这里主要包括联合国军事安全部队部署及管理。以前我所提到的全球军事迁徙管理处的管辖权也可以归到这一部门。

2.3.1.2.联合国军事安全部队

目前,涉及全球军事安全治理的最为著名的组织机构就是联合国维持和平部队[1]。联合国维持和平部队成立于19486月。从1948年以来, 共有130个国家为其提供过军力和警力,有超过100万士兵或警察在其旗帜下战斗过。这一组织对世界和平的贡献是令人瞩目的。但有一个问题,那就是联合国维和部队的部署一般是在地区性冲突发生之后进行的。这种机制对于地区性冲突的防范毫无意义。而地区性冲突发生之后的维和行动无疑是高成本,高风险和高代价的。这就是现有的全球军事安全治理机制的问题。

这一组织可以逐渐过渡为全球国军事安全部队,其名称可以更名为:联合国军事安全部队其职能可以由维持和平逐渐过渡到地区性冲突的防范。这一部队可以在冲突发生的潜在地区进行预先的部署,这就可以大大提高对应危机的反应速度。

2.3.2.                     布防结构

2.3.2.1.平面结构

在全球范围内选择24个支点(包括热点地区),每个支点可以部署1200,这1200人可以来源于34个国家。具体做法可以借鉴现有的联合国维持和平部队的实践。每一处驻军的最长时限可以为三年。联合国各个成员国都应有机会为联合国军事安全部队提供军力,并轮换地参与到24个支点的军事部署。

24个支点应充分利用现有的军事设施资源。

2.3.2.2.兵种结构

24个不同的支点中,应尽可能地考虑多兵种的混合配置。单一支点可以是单一的兵种,但也可以是多兵种的。

2.3.2.3.空间结构

空间结构主要指联合国军事安全部队应包含海军,空军及外太空部队的合作机制。当然空间结构的布防可以主要由军事强国来提供资源,这里主要包括联合国安理会的成员国。

2.3.3.                     军费来源

由于全球军事安全治理主要是一种冲突防范和威慑机制,军事合作和军事演练机制,因此,有一定的校园作用,因此,其经费应当由各个参与国自我承担,支点国家应尽量以免费的形式提供支点资源。这一点也可以参照联合国现有的实践予以解决。

2.3.4.                     主要工作

2.3.4.1.冲突发生潜在地区的巡防及干预
2.3.4.2.维和行动的参与
2.3.4.3.军事合作与演练
2.3.4.4.发展与驻地国家的关系

3.   同安理会及区域性安全理事会的关系

联合国安理会和区域性安全理事会均是一种解决争议和处理地区冲突的上层国际组织。而联合国军事安全部队则是一种基础性的冲突防范和威慑机制,这一机制的建立将会大大减少地区性冲突的发生。他们之间的合作可以通过联合国军事安全署来进行。

4.   同所驻地国家的关系

联合国军事安全部队同支点国家的关系是一种合作的关系,但联合国军事安全部队只接受其上级的指令。在和平时期,联合国军事安全部队应尽量以不同的形式参与到支点国家的建设和发展中,尤其是紧急事务,例如:抗洪救灾,等等。联合国军事安全部队还可以以不同的形式参与到支点国家的军事教育中去。

5.   意义

全球军事安全治理机制完善的意义在于:

·         可以使大国军事集团的对抗性转为合作性
·         可以使地区性冲突发生后的维和转为预先的防范
·         多位立体地建立全球范围内的军事合作体系
·         多位一体地建立全球范围内的军事防御体系
·         建立全球范围内的军事交流与合作机制
·         建立全球范围内的军事教育机制
·         可以使联合国与各成员国的关系更为具体,更为紧密


6.   结语

全球军事安全治理概念的提出是对国际安全体制的一个重大贡献,也是备战全球治理思想的一个重要内容,将联合国维持和平部队更名为联合国军事安全部队,并建立联合国军事安全署,实现全球范围内的军事布防,将有助于理顺关系,将地区性冲突发生后的维和转为预先的防范,其意义是重大和多方面的。联合国同时也会因此实现对世界的更为有效的管理,并提高其国际管理的权威。

Saturday, April 15, 2017

Hallelujah - Alexandra Burke


Country Management - Global Security Governance - Global Internal Security Governance 国家管理 – 全球安全治理 – 全球内务安全治理



Country Management - Global Security Governance - Global Internal Security Governance
 
国家管理   全球安全治理 全球内务安全治理


1.      The Current Status of Global Security

During recent period,
the horrific terrorist attacks appeared in Europe and around the world, this is really shocking and indignant, at the same time, people around the world have raised concerns among their own safe living environment, especially for European people, it is even more so. After addressing the issues of global migration management and global trade management, according to public interests I would like to elaborate on this issue which I have not always been interested in. I hope that my thinking can provide a useful solution for the global security governance issue.

2. The Current Status of Global Security Governance

On the current status of global security governance, regional conflicts are mainly managed by the UN Security Council and United Nations peace-keeping force. The United States, as an independent volunteer and member of some regional groups, regularly appears in the world to voluntarily fulfill its international obligations as a great power country. At present, countries with foreign garrison are: the United States, Britain, France, Russia, and so on [1]. This is the current status of global military security governance.

In speaking of global internal security governance, nobody has proposed such kind concept since internal security governance is sovereign right and internal affair of every country. Global internal security cooperation mainly is fulfilled by International Criminal Police Organization [2]. This is the current status of global internal security governance.

3. The Content of Global Security Governance

Global security governance should be a core element of global governance, and global security governance should provide effective international protection for the safe lives of people around the world. Global security governance should also be integrated under the framework of global governance, which is another aspect of the country form development of the United Nations. Global security governance should mainly include two aspects, one is the global military security governance, one is the global internal security governance. In this article, I would like to elaborate on the topic of global internal security governance.

4. Global Internal Security Governance

4.1. Definition

Global internal security governance
mainly refers to global management mechanisms and means for management and control on cross-border criminal activity and personnel, here it mainly includes: international anti-terrorism, international anti-graft, international anti-corruption, international anti-drug, international anti-smuggling, international anti-money laundering, international anti-fraud, international anti-pornography, international anti-conspiracy, and so on.

4.2 Roles

Global internal security governance
can provide further protection for the internal security of each country at the international level, can provide an effective international cooperation mechanism, can prevent international crime and international terrorist plot, and can speed up the handling speed of foreign-related crimes.

4.3. Contents

4.3.1. Organizational structure
In terms of the organization of global internal security governance, it is possible to integrate resources on the basis of existing international organizations, the International Criminal Police Organization can be integrated into the management of the United Nations, or at least a guiding relationship can be established, its name can be renamed as the International Internal Security Agency.

4.3.2. Main works

4.3.2.1. Development of international internal security management policies

4.3.2.1.1. Establishment of policy framework

This can done according to the theory of policy framework I proposed by conducting a comprehensive review of the relevant policies.

4.3.2.1.2. Establishment of policy portfolio

• International anti-terrorism policy
• International anti-graft policy
• International anti-corruption policy
• International anti-drug policy
• International anti-smuggling policy
• International anti-money laundering policy
• International anti-fraud policy
• International anti-pornography policy
• International anti-conspiracy policy

4.3.2.2. Recommendations on regional international internal security management policies
4.3.2.3. Recommendations on national internal security management policies
4.3.2.4. Determination of annual key international internal security issues
4.3.2.5. Implementation of International Internal Security Policies
4.3.2.6. International cooperation on international internal security
4.3.2.7. Establishment and operation of a rapid response mechanism for international internal security
4.3.2.8. Establishment and operation of international internal security prevention mechanism
4.3.2.9. Exchange and analysis of international internal security information
4.3.2.10. Exchange and training of international internal security personnel
4.3.2.12. Cooperate with commercial organizations for international internal security management

4.3.3. Cooperation mechanisms

The cooperation mechanism among the existing INTERPOL and Member States is acceptable. The existing national central offices in every country can be converted into the national central office under the jurisdiction of the International Internal Security Agency.

5. Conclusion
The concept of global internal security governance is a major contribution to the international security system; it is also an important content of Beizhan Global Governance Thought. The integration of the International Criminal Police Organization into the United Nations will help to straighten out relationships, integrate resources and use the United Nations Mechanism for more accurate security management. The United Nations will also achieve more effective management of the world and raise its authority of international governance.

1.   全球安全形势现状

近一个时期以来,在欧洲及世界各地不断地出现惊人骇世的恐怖袭击事件,实在令人震惊和愤慨,同时又令各国人民对自身的安居环境感到担忧,尤其是对欧洲人民来讲,则更是如此。在解决了全球迁徙管理全球贸易管理的议题后,我想在此对于这个我一向不太感兴趣的议题依据公众利益来进行阐述。希望我的思想能够为全球安全治理这一议题提供有益的解决方案。

2.   全球安全治理现状

就目前的全球安全治理现状来看,地区性冲突主要由联合国安理会联合国维持和平部队来进行管理。美国作为独立的自愿管理者和区域集团的成员,经常性地出现在世界各地自愿地履行其作为大国的国际义务。目前,在外拥有驻军的国家有:美国,英国,法国,俄罗斯,等等[1]。这就是目前全球军事安全治理的现状。

就全球内务安全治理来讲,由于内务安全属于各个国家的主权内政,目前尚未有人提出这样的概念。全球内务安全的合作主要由国际刑事警察组织[2]来完成。这就是全球内务安全治理的现状。

3.   全球安全治理内容

全球安全治理应当是全球治理的一个核心内容,全球安全治理应当为世界人民的安居生活提供有效的国际化的保障。全球安全治理也应当统一于全球治理的框架之下,这也就是联合国国家形态发展的又一个方面。全球安全治理应当主要包括两个方面的内容,一是全球军事安全治理,一是全球内务安全治理。在这篇文章中,我想就全球内务安全治理的议题进行详细的阐述。

4.   全球内务安全治理

4.1.      定义

全球内务安全治理主要指在全球范围内对跨境的犯罪活动及人员进行管控的管理机制和手段,这里主要包括:国际反恐,国际反贪,国际反腐,国际反毒,国际反偷渡,国际反洗钱,国际反诈骗,国际反色情,国际反阴谋诡计,等等。

4.2.      作用

全球内务安全治理可以在国际层面上为每一个国家的内务安全提供进一步的保障,提供国际化的有效的合作机制,可以预防国际化的犯罪行为及国际化的恐怖阴谋,可以加快涉外犯罪的处理速度。

4.3.      内容

4.3.1.                     组织结构

就全球内务安全治理的组织机构来讲,可以在现有的国际组织基础之上,予以资源整合,可以将国际刑事警察组织合并于联合国的管理之下,或者至少建立一种指导性的关系,其名字可以命名为国际内务安全署

4.3.2.                     主要工作

4.3.2.1.国际内务安全管理政策的制定

4.3.2.1.1.   政策框架的确立

这一点可以利用我所提出的政策框架的理论进行相关政策的全面的检讨。

4.3.2.1.2.   政策组合的确立

·         国际反恐政策
·         国际反贪政策
·         国际反腐政策
·         国际反毒政策
·         国际反偷渡政策
·         国际反洗钱政策
·         国际反诈骗政策
·         国际反色情政策
·         国际反阴谋诡计政策

4.3.2.2.区域性国际内务安全管理政策的建议
4.3.2.3.国家性内务安全管理政策的建议
4.3.2.4.年度关键国际内务安全议题的确立
4.3.2.5.国际内务安全政策的实施
4.3.2.6.国际内务安全的国际性合作
4.3.2.7.国际内务安全快速反应机制的建立及运作
4.3.2.8.国际内务安全防范机制的建立及运作
4.3.2.9.国际内务安全信息情报的交流及分析
4.3.2.10.                    国际内务安全人员的交流及培训
4.3.2.11.                    利用联合国的国际迁徙管理机制进行国际内务安全管理
4.3.2.12.                    同商业化组织进行合作进行国际内务安全管理

4.3.3.                     合作机制

现有的国际刑警组织与各成员国的合作机制是可以接受的。现有的存在于各个国家的国家中心局可以转化为国际内务安全署管辖下的国家中心局

5.   结语

全球内务安全治理概念的提出是对国际安全体制的一个重大贡献,也是备战全球治理思想的一个重要内容,将国际刑事警察组织合并于联合国,将有助于理顺关系,整合资源,利用联合国的机制进行更为精确的安全管理。联合国同时也会因此实现对世界的更为有效的管理,并提高国际管理的权威。