Economic Wheel – Economic Theory – Beizhan Economic Potential Energy Theory
Together on the Concept of Economic Wheel
经济轮 – 经济理论 – 备战经济势能理论
兼论经济轮的概念
1.
Economic Phenomenon
We always talk about “the difference between urban and rural areas”, we always talk about this area is “economically developed areas”, that area is “economically underdeveloped areas.” So, how to describe an area or a country's economy as developed and underdeveloped in economics? What kind economic indicator should be used to compare the current status of advanced level of economic development of a region, a country or an industry? Here I would like to put forward the concept and theory of economic potential energy (Beizhan Economic Potential Energy Theory) to comprehensively analyze and elaborate the comparison of the advanced level of economic development and use this theory to provide clear guidance for regional economic development and regional economic cooperation, trade and investment. Economic potential energy concept can be regarded as the eleventh evaluation index in national economic evaluation system, that is, the advancing indicator of economic development.
2. Existing Concepts
On economic development level of an area, there are several concepts:
1). Economic development level
“Economic development level refers to the scale, speed and economic development level of a country. General indicators that reflect a country's economic development level include gross national product, national income, per capita national income, economic development speed and economic growth speed.” [1]. This is a comprehensive concept of national economic development status, it can not accurately reflect the degree of economic development of a country or region. It can not be used to compare the advancing level of economic development. This concept can not leap from macro-economy to micro-economy, and compare the advancing level of specific product or industry economic development. The concept itself also includes a number of subordinate concepts.
2). Economic growth degree
Currently there is no specific definition of economic growth degree; the level of economic growth degree in each country in the world is mainly compared with GDP [2].
3). Existing economic
potential energy concept
Today there are also a lot of people talking about economic potential energy, but the concept is completely different. For example, economic potential energy concept, as described in the published paper by Yong Yang et al. in Shanghai, China in 2007, is “to use the gross domestic product (GDP) of a center city as a basic measure standard of its economic potential energy. If the central city’s GDP is high, it means that its economic potential energy is big.”. Here is another example, in 2009, Huili Huang from Hangzhou, China, gave following definition in her published paper: "Due to different economic conditions, trading conditions and resource allocation, different economic bodies will have different positions and potentials comparing with other economic bodies in the economic trading process, different economic bodies mutually effect, mutually restrain, mutually interact in the spatial economic field, the economic potential energy relation decided by relative position of the interacted economic bodies in the economic space field is the potential energy in the economic space field we define.
These two economic potentials are not able to reflect the advancing nature of economic development, and they both are only for macro-economic area, can not cover micro-economic area. The first concept is entirely a replica of the city's GDP, and the definition of the second concept is unclear because the position and potential of the economic bodies included therein are unclear. The guidance meaning of these two concepts for the real economy is relatively weak. These two concepts are also deviated from "touchable fact-based economics" what I have always advocated.
3. Beizhan Economic Potential Energy Theory
3.1. The due concept of economic potential energy
Economic potential energy should be an evaluation index to reflect advancing nature of the development of national economy, regional economy, industry or product economy. It should be an economic indicator to measure economic development. Economic potential energy can be calculated and compared based on economic reality. The definition of economic potential energy should be based on specific scope and give specific definition.
3.2. Definition of economic potential energy
3.2.1. Definition of product economic potential energy
The economic potential energy of a single product is defined as the
comprehensive index of the advancing nature of a product consumed by consumers
in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county,
etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
3.2.2. Definition of industry potential energy
The economic potential energy of an industry is defined as the
comprehensive index of the advancing nature of the key technologies utilized by
a specific industry in a given economic space (such as: country, province,
city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such
as: one year).
3.2.3. Definition of economic potential energy of service product
The economic potential energy of a single service product is defined as the comprehensive index of the advancing nature of the key technologies utilized by the service providers in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
3.2.4. Definition of potential energy of service industry
The economic potential energy of a service industry is defined as the average economic potential energy of the key service products provided by that specific service industry in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
3.2.5. Definition of regional economic potential energy
3.2.5.1. Regional product economic potential energy (regional social-economic potential energy)
Regional product economic potential energy (regional social-economic potential energy) is the sum of the economic potential energy of key consumer products used by consumers in a region.
3.2.5.2. Regional industry economic potential energy
Regional industry economic potential energy is the sum of the economic potential energy of the key industries in a region.
3.2.5.3. Economic potential energy of a region
The economic potential energy of a region is the sum of economic potential energy of the key consumer products used by consumers and the economic potential energy of the key industries in a given economic space / region (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
3.2.6. Definition of macroeconomic potential energy
Definition of macroeconomic potential energy is equivalent to the definition of regional economic potential energy.
3.2.7 Definition of key consumer products
Key consumer products should mainly include products closely related to
consumers' daily life (clothing, food, housing and transportation), such as:
information and communication products (computers, mobile phones), household
appliances (refrigerator, color TV, air conditioner, microwave oven, washing
machine, etc.), transportation means (high-speed rail, bus, automobile, bicycles,
etc.), energy (electricity, solar energy, etc.). Since this theory is a new
proposal, the specific details need to be further improved.
3.2.8. Definition of key technologies
Definition of key technologies is related to the industry. Generic management techniques can also be classified as key technologies. The specific details need further research and study, further improvement. In service industry, management technology and management model may occupy a large proportion.
3.2.9. Definition of key industries
Key industries within an economic space refer to the top few industries with best economic benefits. It is the same for key service industries.
3.3. Calculation of
economic potential energy
Calculation of economic potential energy is based on accurate market statistics, and the calculated time period should be decided according to the statistics time period and the required time period. Generally, the calculation period is one year.
On calculation method, here involves two points: one is the selection of key consumer products, one point is the determination of the technology advancing level. My approach is: key consumer products can be selected in accordance with the method of tightness of life, the advance nature of technology can be determined in accordance with the classification of technological progress. Of course, if experts inside the industry can propose a better method of calculation, it should be encouraged.
3.3.1. Selection of key consumer products - life tightness method
As mentioned above, key consumer products should mainly include products closely related to consumers' daily life (clothing, food, housing and transportation), such as: information and communication products (computers, mobile phones), household appliances (refrigerator, color TV, air conditioner, microwave oven, washing machine, etc.), transportation means (high-speed rail, bus, automobile, bicycles, etc.), energy (electricity, solar energy, etc.). To simplify the calculation, selecting 10 key consumer products is ok.
3.3.2. Determination of key industries - economic benefit method
Key industries within an economic space refer to the top few industries with best economic benefits. To simplify the calculation, selecting six key industries is ok. The so-called best economic benefit means higher return on profit and tax to the economic space, this is the economic benefit method.
3.3.3. Determination of technological advancement - classification method of technology progress
Each key technology can be divided into 10 initial levels according to current international status; the weight value of each level is its rank value. For example: mobile phones have big brother level, flip level, tablet level, intelligent level, 3G, 4G, 5G, and so on. When a new technology is available, it can be defined as level 11. This is the classification method of technology progress. Of course, 10 technology levels exist in a market at the same, is relatively rare.
3.3.4. Determination of key technology in an industry - classification method of technological progress
The above classification method of technological progress can also be also applied to the determination of key technology industries. The management technology in key industry technology is applicable all industries. Advanced management facilities is the embodiment of advance nature of management technology, advanced management thinking is also the embodiment of the advance nature of management technology.
3.3.5. Calculation of product economic potential energy
10
Single
product economic potential energy = Σ Product
1
advancement
grade value XTotal number of users of the product with the advancement grade
value / total number of users of the product X 1000
3.3.6. Calculation of
economic potential energy of industry
Economic potential energy of an industry = the comprehensive index of the advancing nature of 10 key technologies utilized by average 1000 enterprises in a specific industry in a given economic space (such as: country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical period of time (such as: one year).
10
Industry
economic potential energy = Σ technological
1
advancement
grade value X Total number of enterprise user of this kind technology / total
number of enterprise in this industry X 1000
3.3.7.
Calculation of economic potential energy of service product
Economic potential energy of a service product = the comprehensive index of
the advancing nature of 10 key technologies utilized by average 1000
enterprises for a specific service product in a given economic space (such as:
country, province, city, region, county, etc.) within a certain statistical
period of time (such as: one year).
10
Service
product economic potential energy = Σ technology
1
advancement
grade X Total number of service providers using this kind technology / total
number of service product providers X 1000
3.3.8. Calculation of economic potential energy of service industry
3.3.8. Calculation of economic potential energy of service industry
10
Single
service industry economic potential energy = Σ
1
Key
Service Product Economic potential energy / 10
3.3.9. Calculation of potential energy of regional economy
3.3.9.1.
Regional product economic potential energy (Regional social-economic potential
energy)
10
Regional
product economy potential energy = Σ key
1
product
economic potential energy
3.3.9.2. Regional industry economic potential energy
3.3.9.2. Regional industry economic potential energy
6
Regional industry economic potential energy = Σ Key
1
industry economic potential energy
3.3.9.3. Regional economic potential energy
Regional economic potential energy = regional product economy potential energy + regional industry economic potential energy
3.3.10. Calculation of macroeconomic potential energy
Macroeconomic potential energy = Regional product economy potential + Regional industry economy potential energy
3.3.9.3. Regional economic potential energy
Regional economic potential energy = regional product economy potential energy + regional industry economic potential energy
3.3.10. Calculation of macroeconomic potential energy
Macroeconomic potential energy = Regional product economy potential + Regional industry economy potential energy
3.4. Economic potential
energy and market capacity
Through the research and calculation of economic potential energy, we can get the following two conclusions:
- The purchasing power of new technologies is relatively high in the regions or industries with higher economic potential energy, and the market capacity of new technologies is relatively large.
- Regions or industries with relatively low economic potential energy have relatively high purchasing power for traditional technologies, market capacity for traditional technology transfer is relative large.
3.5. Economic potential energy and economic development (convergence power and convergence competitiveness)
The research and calculation of economic potential energy, make each region and industry have a very clear concept for their own economic development and advancement nature, have a very clear understanding for their comparative position in the international and domestic, these will naturally produce a driving force to line up upward, this is the so-called convergence power, which is often talked the inherent driving force of innovation-driven. The competition resulting from this convergence power, is the convergence competitiveness. This convergence competitiveness will lead to the upgrading and transferring of advanced technology, so as to promote the comprehensive economic development of all regions and industries.
4. The Concept of Economic Wheel
4.1. Definition of economic wheel
A combination of
countries or regions that have the same or similar economic potential energy
and are geographically interconnected and interdependent can be referred to as
an economic wheel, which is an economic system. In the international arena, economic
wheel generally reflected as sub-regional
international organizations, such as: Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and so on. An economic wheel should
contain a limited number of countries or regions, and should not be too large.
4.2. Economic wheel and trade
Determination of economic wheel is easy to form regional economic alliances, to work together, to seek common development. It is easy to form a common tariff system, monetary system and trade policies, thus simplifying the complexity of international trade. At the same time, it is possible to clearly define the internationalization indicators (social consumer products and industrial technologies) and the state control points (input and output demand control points control levers) of an economic system through the study of economic potential energy of an economy wheel and its position on a global scale, so as to clearly determine the focus of domestic and foreign economic cooperation.
4.3. Economic wheel and investment
On investment, one is talking about attracting foreign investment; one is talking about how to make foreign investment. The determination of the economic wheel can make the international investment behaviors to be based on the more precise economic theory and economic facts, so as to realize the scientific nature of investment decision.
4.4. Economic wheel and economic development
4.4.1. Sequential economic development
In general, the differences of economic potential energies of economy wheels determines the differences of purchasing power and consuming demand of an economic system, economic wheel with high economic potential energy is always the first to realize higher economic potential energy, economic wheel with low economic potential energy is always sequentially to realize higher economic potential energy. This is the Sequential economic development. This is speaking from the point of view of economic regular pattern.
From the perspective of economic development plan, technology and capital shall be transferred from economic wheel with high economic potential energy to that with low economic potential energy. This is consistent with Beizhan product value life cycle theory. Products and technologies in economic wheel with higher economic energy can be transferred sequentially or by leaps and bounds to economic wheel with low economic potential energy, especially for the nascent market, the reasons are even more true than this. This is the economy wheel connection we will talk about in the followings. This process is not only the process of transmission of product use value, but also the process of the full realization of product use value. This process is also a good way to remove economic bubbles and achieve intensive economy.
4.4.2. Connection of economic wheels
4.4.2.1. Connection of upstream economic wheels
The connection of upstream economy wheels refers to the cooperation with the economic wheel with higher economic potential energy, that is, the cooperation with the capital and technology vendors.
4.4.2.2. Connection of the downstream economic wheels
The connection of downstream refers to the cooperation with economic wheels with the lower economic potential energy, that is, the cooperation with capital and technology recipients.
4.4.2.3. Connection of
domestic economic wheels
The economic potential energies of various provinces, cities and regions within a country are also very different; the combination of provinces, cities or regions that have the same or similar economic potential energy, which are geographically interconnected and interdependent, can also form an economic wheel, so can plan the cooperation and development among every economic wheels within a larger range.
4.4.3. Economic
development by leaps and bounds (energy level transition)
Of course, the situation in reality is more complicated, the sequential economic development is only an ideal status. Economic development by leaps and bounds is also very common. Economic development by leaps and bounds shall have certain conditions. This is like the energy level transition in atomic physics; economic wheel with low economic potential energy can jump up to be economic wheel with high economic potential energy only with the support of certain capital.
5. The Significance of
Beizhan Economic Potential Energy Theory
The proposition of Beizhan economic potential energy theory, realized the calculation for the advancement nature of the product economy, industry economy, regional economy based on the facts; allows our understanding on economic developed regions or technology-leading industry is no longer just a literary perceptual concept, but a statistical calculation results, so as achieve the touchability and calculability of the advancement nature of economic development.
The concept of economic wheel based on Beizhan economic potential energy theory makes the connection of economic wheels to have more theoretical foundations, thus provide beneficial theoretical guidance for domestic and international economic development and cooperation. It will specially provide a strong theoretical basis for my world common development proposition of “parallel development structure”, “connecting the start to the end”, “create two markets”.
6. Relationships with the Beizhan School
of Thought
Beizhan economic potential energy theory is not contradiction with the theory of one macroeconomic theory of Beizhan school of thought. Beizhan economic potential energy theory is also an independent branch of macroeconomic theory. It mainly studies and analyzes the advancement nature and cooperation relations of product economy, industry economy and regional economy, the economic wheels and their relations.
7. Summary
Beizhan economic potential energy theory is the economic theoretical foundation for international and regional investment and trade cooperation, and is a powerful theoretical tool for understanding the current situation of self-economic development. The concept of economic potential energy, was originally created in May 11, 2000 by the author, he was unable to carry out in-depth research and discussion for other reasons after that. 16 years later today, the author has the opportunity to conduct more in-depth study and discussion on this theory. This is really can be said as opportunity can not be missed, it is lost and but recovered.
1. 经济现象
我们总是讲“城乡差别”，我们也总是讲这个地区属于“经济发达地区”，那个地区属于“经济不发达地区”。那么，一个地区或一个国家的经济发达与不发达在经济学上又是如何来描述的呢？一个地区，一个国家或一个行业的经济发展先进程度现状应当以什么样的经济指标来进行比较呢？这里我提出经济势能的概念及理论（备战经济势能理论），来全面地分析和阐述经济发展先进性比较的问题，并以此理论对区域经济发展及区域经济合作，贸易及投资提供清晰的指导。经济势能的概念可以算是国民经济评价体系中的第十一个评估指标，也就是经济发展先进性指标。
2. 现有的概念
关于一个地区的经济发达程度，目前有以下几种概念：
1）。经济发展水平
“ 经济发展水平是指一个国家经济发展的规模、速度和所达到的水准。反映一个国家经济发展水平的常用指标有国民生产总值、国民收入、人均国民收入、经济发展速度、经济增长速度。”[1]. 这是一个综和性的国民经济发展状况的概念，它不能够确切地反映一个国家或地区的经济发达程度。它不能够用来进行经济发展先进性的比较。这一概念也不能够从宏观经济跨越到微观经济，对具体的产品或行业的经济发展先进性进行比较。这一概念本身还包含多个下属的概念。
2）。经济发达程度
目前还没有专门的经济发达程度的定义，世界各国的经济发达程度还主要是通过GDP来进行比较的[2]
。
3）。现有的经济势能的概念
目前也有很多人提到经济势能，但其概念却是完全不同的。例如：2007年中国上海的杨勇等人在其发表的论文中所提到的经济势能的概念是“将中心城市的国内生产总值（GDP）作为反应其经济势能的基本度量标准。若中心城市国内生产总值高，则表明其经济势能大”。再例如：2009年中国杭州的黄慧丽在其发表的论文中所给出的定义是：“不同的经济体由于自身的经济状况，贸易条件和资源配置存在差异，导致不同的经济体在经济贸易过程中，相对于其他经济体具有不同的地位和位势，不同的经济体在空间经济场中相互影响，相互制约，相互作用，这种相互作用的经济体在经济空间场中的相对位置所决定的一种经济能量的关系，就是我们所定义的经济空间场中的势能。”。
这两种经济势能的说法都是不能够反映经济发展先进性的，而且也都只是针对宏观经济的，不能够涵盖到微观经济的领域。第一个概念完全是城市GDP的翻版，第二个概念的定义是不清楚的，因为其中所包含的经济体的地位和位势是不清楚的。这两个概念对于现实经济的指导意义是比较弱的。这两个概念也是同我一贯主张的“可触摸的基于事实的经济学”相背离的。
3. 备战经济势能理论
3.1.经济势能应有的概念
经济势能应当是反映国家经济，地区经济， 行业经济或产品经济的发展先进性的一个评估指标。是衡量经济发达性的一个经济指标。经济势能是可以依据经济现实进行计算和比较的。经济势能的定义应当依据具体的范围而给出具体的定义。
3.2.
经济势能的定义
3.2.1.
产品经济势能的定义
单一产品的经济势能是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），消费者使用某一个产品的先进性的综合性指标。
3.2.2.
行业经济势能的定义
行业的经济势能是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个行业所使用关键技术的先进性的综合性指标。
3.2.3.
服务性产品经济势能的定义
单一服务产品的经济势能是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），服务提供商所使用的关键技术的先进性综合性指标。
3.2.4.
服务性行业经济势能的定义
服务性行业的经济势能是指在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个服务性行业所提供的关键服务性产品的经济势能的平均值。
3.2.5.
区域经济势能的定义
3.2.5.1.
区域产品经济势能 （区域社会经济势能）
区域产品经济势能（区域社会经济势能）就是一个区域内的消费者所使用的关键消费产品的经济势能的总和。
3.2.5.2.
区域行业经济势能
区域行业经济势能就是一个区域内的关键行业经济势能的总和。
3.2.5.3.
区域的经济势能
区域的经济势能是指在某一个指定的区域／经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），消费者所使用的关键消费产品的经济势能和该区域关键行业的经济势能的总和。
3.2.6.
宏观经济势能的定义
宏观经济势能的定义等同于区域经济势能的定义。
3.2.7.
关键消费产品的定义
关键消费产品应当主要包括同消费者日常生活（衣食住行）紧密相关的产品，例如：信息通讯产品（计算机，手机），家用电器（冰箱，彩电，空调，微波炉，洗衣机，等），交通工具（高铁，公交车，汽车，自行车,等），能源（电力，太阳能，等）。由于这一理论属于崭新的提出，具体的详细内容还需要进一步的完善。
3.2.8.
关键技术的定义
关键技术的定义是同行业相关的。通用的管理技术也可以归为关键技术。具体的详细内容还需要进一步的研究和探讨，进一步的完善。在服务性行业中，管理技术和管理模式可能会占有较大的比例。
3.2.9.
关键行业的定义
一个经济空间内的关键行业就是指在一个经济空间内的经济效益最好的前几个行业。关键服务性行业也是如此。
3.3.
经济势能的计算
经济势能的计算是建立在准确的市场统计的基础之上的，计算的时间段也是应当依据统计的时间段和所需要的时间段来决定，一般以一年为计算的时间段为准。
关于计算的方法，这里涉及到两点：一点是关键消费品的选取，一点是技术先进性的等级的确定。我提出的方法是：关键消费品可以按照生活紧密度法来选取，技术先进性可以按照技术进步分级法来确定。当然，如果业内人士提出更好的计算方法，那也是应当予以鼓励的。
3.3.1.
关键消费品的选取 - 生活紧密度法
如前所述，关键消费产品应当主要包括同消费者日常生活（衣食住行）紧密相关的产品，例如：信息通讯产品（计算机，手机），家用电器（冰箱，彩电，空调，微波炉，洗衣机，等），交通工具（高铁，公交车，汽车，自行车,等），能源（电力，太阳能，等）。为简化计算，选取10个关键消费产品即可。
3.3.2.
关键行业的确定 - 经济效益法
一个经济空间内的关键行业就是指在一个经济空间内的经济效益最好的前几个行业。为简化计算，选取6个关键行业即可。所谓的经济效益最好指的是对于一个经济空间的利税回报比较高，这就是经济效益法。
3.3.3.
技术先进性的确定 - 技术进步分级法
每一个关键技术都可以按照国际现状最多分为10个初始等级，每一个等级的权重（Weight）值即为其等级值。例如：手机有大哥大级，翻盖级，直板级，智慧级，3G，4G，5G，等等。当有新的技术出现时，则此技术可以被定义为第11级。这就是技术进步分级法。当然，一个市场上同时存在有10
个级别的技术，那是比较少见的。
3.3.4.
行业关键技术的确定 – 技术进步分级法
上述的技术进步分级法也同样适用于行业关键技术的确定。行业关键技术中的管理技术是通用于各个行业的。先进的管理设施是管理技术先进性的体现，先进的管理思想也是管理技术先进性的体现。
3.3.5.
产品经济势能的计算
10
单一产品经济势能 = ∑产品先进性等级值X该等级
1
产品的用户数/该产品的总用户数x1000;
3.3.6.
行业经济势能的计算
行业的经济势能 = 在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，经济轮，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个行业中平均每1000个企业所使用的10项关键技术的先进性的综合性指标。
10
行业经济势能 = ∑技术先进性等级值X该等级技术
1
的企业用户数/该行业的总企业用户数x1000;
3.3.7.
服务性产品经济势能的计算
服务性产品的经济势能 = 在某一个指定的经济空间（例如：国家，省，市，地区，县，等）内，在某一个统计时间段内（例如：一年），某一个行业中平均每1000个企业所使用的10项关键技术的先进性的综合性指标。
10
服务性产品经济势能 = ∑技术先进性等级值X
1
该等级技术的服务提供商的数目/该服务性产品提供商的总数x1000;
3.3.8.
服务性行业经济势能的计算
10
单一服务性行业经济势能 = ∑关键服务性产品的经
1
济势能/10;
3.3.9.
区域经济势能的计算
3.3.9.1.
区域产品经济势能 （或称之为区域社会经济势能）
10
区域产品经济势能 = ∑关键产品经济势能;
1
3.3.9.2.
区域行业经济势能
6
区域行业经济势能 = ∑关键行业经济势能;
1
3.3.9.3.
区域经济势能
区域经济势能 = 区域产品经济势能 + 区域行业经济势能
3.3.10.
宏观经济势能的计算
宏观经济势能 = 区域产品经济势能
+ 区域行业经济势能
3.4.经济势能与市场容量
通过对经济势能的研究和计算，我们可以得出以下两个结论：
·
经济势能较高的区域或行业对于新生技术的购买力是比较高的，对于新生技术的市场容量比较大；
·
经济势能较低的地区或行业对于传统技术的购买力是比较高的，对于传统技术转移的市场容量是比较大的。
3.5.经济势能与经济发展 （趋同动力与趋同竞争力）
经济势能的研究与计算，使得各个地区和行业对于自身的经济发达性和先进性有一个非常明确的概念，对于自身在国际和国内的比较性地位也一目了然，这就自然会产生一种向上看齐的动力，这就是所谓的趋同动力，也就是常讲的创新驱动的内在动力。这种趋同动力所导致的竞争，就是趋同竞争力。这种趋同竞争力就会导致技术先进性的升级和转移，从而促进各个地区和行业经济的全面发展。
4.
经济轮的概念
4.1.
经济轮的定义
具有相同或相近的经济势能，并且在地理位置上相互联结，相互靠进的国家或地区的组合，就可以被称为是一个经济轮，也就是一个经济系统。在国际上，经济轮一般体现为次级地区性国际组织，例如：东南亚联盟，等等。一个经济轮应当包含有限的国家或地区，不宜太大。
4.2.
经济轮与贸易
经济轮的确立，易于形成地区性的经济联盟，共同合作，共谋发展，易于形成共同的关税体系，货币体系，贸易政策，从而简化国际贸易的复杂性。同时，通过对于一个经济轮的经济势能及其在全球范围内的位置的研究，可以清晰地确定一个经济系统的国际化指标（社会消费品和行业技术）及状态的控制点（输入与输出的需求控制点及控制杠杆），从而可以很清楚地确定内外经济合作的着眼点。
4.3.经济轮与投资
关于投资，一是讲吸引外来投资，一是讲如何对外投资。经济轮的确定可以使国际投资行为建立在更为确切的经济理论和经济事实之上，从而实现投资决策的科学性。
4.4.
经济轮与 经济发展
4.4.1.
经济顺序发展
一般情况下，经济轮经济势能的高低不同决定了一个经济系统的购买力和消费需求的不同，经济势能高的经济轮总是首先实现更高的经济势能，经济势能低的经济轮总是顺序地实现更高的经济势能。这就是经济的顺序发展。这是从经济规律的角度来讲的。
从经济发展计划的角度来讲，技术和资本的转移要顺序地从经济势能高的经济轮转移到经济势能低的经济轮。这同备战产品价值生命周期理论是相一致的。经济势能较高的经济轮的产品和技术可以顺序地或跳跃式地转移到经济势能较低的经济轮，尤其是对于新生市场，其道理则更是如此。这也就是下面要讲的经济轮的衔接。这个过程既是产品使用价值传递的过程，也是产品使用价值充分实现的过程。这一过程也是去除经济泡沫，实现集约经济的一个良好途径。
4.4.2.
经济轮的衔接
4.4.2.1.
上行经济轮的衔接
上行经济轮的衔接指的是同经济势能比较高的经济轮的合作，也就是同资本和技术转移方的合作。
4.4.2.2.
下行经济轮的衔接
下行经济轮的衔接指的是同经济势能比较低的经济轮的合作，也就是同资本和技术接受方的合作。
4.4.2.3.
国内经济轮的衔接
一个国家内部各个省市区的经济势能也是大不相同的，经济势能相近或相同的,
并且在地理位置上相互联结，相互靠进的省市区的组合也可以组成一个经济轮，从而可以在较大的范围内计划各个经济轮之间的合作与发展。
并且在地理位置上相互联结，相互靠进的省市区的组合也可以组成一个经济轮，从而可以在较大的范围内计划各个经济轮之间的合作与发展。
4.4.3.
经济跳跃式发展 （能级跃迁）
当然，现实中的情形是比较复杂的，经济顺序发展只是一种理想的状态。经济跳跃式发展也是很常见的。经济跳跃式发展是有一定条件的。这就像原子物理学中的能级跃迁一样，经济势能较低的经济轮只有在一定的资本的支持下才有可能跳跃成为经济势能较高的经济轮。
5.
备战经济势能理论的意义
备战经济势能理论的提出，实现了对于产品经济，行业经济，区域经济的发展先进性的基于事实的计算；使得我们对于经济发达地区或技术领先行业的理解不再只是一个文学的感性的概念，而是一个统计计算结果，从而实现经济发展先进性的可触摸性和可计算性。
基于备战经济势能理论的经济轮的概念，使得经济轮的衔接更有理论基础，从而为国内及国际的经济发展及合作提供有益的理论指导。尤其是为本人所提出的“并行发展结构”，“首尾相接”，“创造两个市场”的世界共同发展的主张提供有力的理论依据。
6.
与备战学派的关系
备战经济势能理论同备战学派的一个宏观经济理论的思想并无矛盾。备战经济势能理论也是宏观经济理论的一个独立分支学科，它主要针对地区经济， 行业经济或产品经济的发展先进性及合作关系，经济轮及其衔接关系进行研究，分析和计算。
7.
总结
备战经济势能理论是国际间，区域间投资和贸易合作的经济理论基础，是了解自身经济发展现状的有力理论工具。经济势能的概念，本文作者原创于2000年5月11 日，后因他故，未能进行深入的研究和探讨。16年后的今天，作者才有机会对此理论加以较为深入的探讨。这真可谓是机不可失，失而复得也。
-- Beizhan Liu
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