Country Management - Global Security Governance - Global Military Security Governance
国家管理 – 全球安全治理 – 全球军事安全治理
1.
Introduction
At present, not only terrorist incidents occur frequently around the world, regional military conflicts continue in some areas. Potential regional military conflicts are also happening now and then. This can not be worried by every one of us who cares about the world peace. Therefore, we also need to reflect on the mechanism of global military security governance, we need to develop and improve our existing global military security governance mechanism, so as to comprehensively improve the global security management mechanism, improve the management level, prevent regional conflicts, maintain the world peace, and protect the peaceful buildup of every country in the world. Here I would like to present my elaboration on this issue and hope that my thinking will provide a useful solution to the issue of global military security governance.
2.
Global Military Security Governance
2.1.
Definition
Global
military security governance mainly refers to the
establishment of a global military deterrence mechanism, military intervention
mechanism, military cooperation and military exercise mechanism to prevent and
eliminate regional conflicts, safeguard world peace, and so on.
2.2.
Roles
Global
military security governance can provide further
protection for the military security of each country at the international
level; provide an effective international cooperation mechanism for deterrence
and prevention of possible regional conflicts, when necessary, under the
support of international law or the United Nations resolution, carry out
appropriate regional military interventions to maintain regional peace. The
main role of global military security
governance is to establish a military exercise system and a military
cooperation system on global scale; create conditions for the development of
military personnel exchanges and friendships in various countries; create
conditions for cultivating and creating military talents with international
perspectives.
2.3.
Content
2.3.1.
Organizational structure
2.3.1.1.
The United Nations Military Security Agency
As global internal security governance, global military security governance
can also be managed by a special agency in the United Nations, which can be named
as the United Nations Military Security
Agency. The United Nations Military
Security Agency is responsible for
managing all matters relating to global military security, which include the
deployment and management of the United Nations military security forces. The
jurisdiction of the Global Military
Migration Management Department, which I mentioned earlier, can also be
attributed to this agency.
2.3.1.2.
The United Nations Military Security Force
At present, the most well-known organization involved in global military security governance is the United Nations peace-keeping force [1]. The United Nations Peacekeeping Force was established in June 1948. Since 1948, a total of 130 countries have provided military and police force for it, more than 1 million soldiers or police officers had served under in its flag. The contribution of this organization to world peace is remarkable. But there is a problem, that is, the deployment of United Nations peacekeeping forces is generally carried out after the occurrence of regional conflicts. This mechanism is meaningless for the prevention of regional conflicts. Of cause peacekeeping operations after regional conflicts are undoubtedly high cost, high risk and high price. This is the question of the existing global military security governance mechanism.
This organization can be gradually transformed to the global military security forces, its name can be renamed as: the United Nations military security forces. Its roles can be gradually transitioned from peacekeeping to the prevention of regional conflicts. This force can be pre-deployed in potential areas where conflict occurs, which can greatly increase the response speed for corresponding to the crisis.
2.3.2.
Deployment and defense structure
2.3.2.1.
Plane structure
24 fulcrums (including hot spots) can be selected globally, each fulcrum can be
deployed 1200 people; such 1200
people can come from 3 to 4 countries. The practice can learn from the practice
of the existing United Nations peacekeeping force. The maximum length of each
garrison can be three years. All
United Nations Member States should have the opportunity to provide military
force to the United Nations military security force and to participate in the
military deployment of 24 fulcrums in a rotation.
24 fulcrums shall make full use of existing military facility resources.
2.3.2.2.
Branch structure of armed force
In 24 different fulcrums, mixed configuration of multiple branch of armed
force shall be considered as much as possible. A single fulcrum can be
consisted with a single branch of armed force, but it can also consisted with
multiple branched of armed forces.
2.3.2.3.
Spatial structure
The space structure mainly refers to that the United Nations military security force shall include the cooperation mechanism of navy, air force and outer space forces. Of course, Resources for space structure deployment can be mainly provided by the military power countries, here mainly including the United Nations Security Council member states.
2.3.3.
Military Funding
As global military security governance mainly is a conflict prevention and deterrence mechanism, military cooperation and military exercise mechanism, therefore, there is a certain role of campus, so its funding should be borne by all participating countries themselves, the fulcrum countries should try to provide fulcrum resources in a free style. This can also be addressed in the light of the existing practice of the United Nations.
2.3.4. Main work
2.3.4.1. Patrol and intervention in potential conflict occurrence areas
2.3.4.2. Participation in
peacekeeping operations
2.3.4.3. Military
cooperation and exercises
2.3.4.4. Relationship
development in the resident country
3. Relationship with the United Nations Security Council and the Regional Security Council
The United Nations Security Council and the Regional Security Council are both international organizations to resolve disputes and deal with regional conflicts. And the United Nations military security force is fundamental conflict prevention and deterrence mechanism, the establishment of this mechanism will greatly reduce the occurrence of regional conflicts. Cooperation between them can be carried out through the United Nations Military Security Agency.
4. Relationship with the Resident Country
The relationship between the United Nations military security force and the fulcrum country is a cooperative relationship, but the United Nations military security force only accept orders from their superiors. In peaceful time, the United Nations military security forces should, as far as possible, participate in the construction and development of fulcrum countries in different ways, especially in emergency affairs, such as flood fighting and relief, and so on. The United Nations military security force can also participate in military education in the fulcrum countries in different ways.
5. Meaning
The significance of the improvement of the global military security governance mechanism lies in:
• Can turn the confrontation of large country military groups into
cooperation
• Can turn the peacekeeping after regional conflicts into advance
prevention
• Establish multi-dimensional global military cooperation system
• Establish multi-dimensional global military defense system
• Establish global military exchange and cooperation mechanism
• Establish global military education mechanism
• Can make the
relationship between the United Nations and the member states to be more
specific and closer
6. Conclusion
The concept of global military security governance is a major contribution to the international security system, it is also an important content of Beizhan Global Governance Thought, renaming the United Nations peace-keeping force to the United Nations Military Security Force, establishing the United Nations Military Security Agency, achieving global military deployment, will help to straighten out the relationship, turn peacekeeping after regional conflicts to advance prevention, its significance is significant and multifaceted. The United Nations will also achieve more effective management of the world and to raise its authority of international governance.
1.
前言
目前，不仅恐怖事件在世界各地频繁发生，地区性军事冲突在某些地区也持续不断。潜在的地区性军事冲突也时隐时现。这不能不令我们每一个关心世界和平的人感到担忧。因此，我们也很有必要对全球军事安全治理的机制进行反思，我们需要发展和完善我们现有的全球军事安全治理机制，从而全面完善全球安全治理机制，提升管理水平，防范地区冲突，维护世界和平，为世界各国的和平建设保驾护航。这里我提出我对这一议题的阐述，希望我的思想能够为全球军事安全治理这一议题提供有益的解决方案。
2.
全球军事安全治理
2.1.
定义
全球军事安全治理主要指在全球范围内建立军事威慑机制，军事干预机制，军事合作和军事演练机制，防范和消除地区冲突，维护世界和平，等等。
2.2.
作用
全球军事安全治理可以在国际层面上为每一个国家的军事安全提供进一步的保障，提供国际化的有效的合作机制，对于可能发生的地区冲突起到威慑和预防的作用，必要时，在国际法或联合国决议的支持下，进行适当的地区性军事干预，维持地区和平。全球军事安全治理更为主要的作用是可以在全球范围内建立军事演练体系，军事合作体系，为发展各国军事人员的交流和友谊创造条件，为培养和造就具有国际化视野的军事人才创造条件。
2.3.
内容
2.3.1.
组织结构
2.3.1.1.联合国军事安全署
同全球内务安全治理一样，全球军事安全治理也可以在联合国成立专门的部门来进行管理，这一部门可以命名为联合国军事安全署。联合国军事安全署负责管理涉及全球军事安全的全部事宜，这里主要包括联合国军事安全部队部署及管理。以前我所提到的全球军事迁徙管理处的管辖权也可以归到这一部门。
2.3.1.2.联合国军事安全部队
目前，涉及全球军事安全治理的最为著名的组织机构就是联合国维持和平部队[1]。联合国维持和平部队成立于1948年6月。从1948年以来， 共有130个国家为其提供过军力和警力，有超过100万士兵或警察在其旗帜下战斗过。这一组织对世界和平的贡献是令人瞩目的。但有一个问题，那就是联合国维和部队的部署一般是在地区性冲突发生之后进行的。这种机制对于地区性冲突的防范毫无意义。而地区性冲突发生之后的维和行动无疑是高成本，高风险和高代价的。这就是现有的全球军事安全治理机制的问题。
这一组织可以逐渐过渡为全球国军事安全部队，其名称可以更名为：联合国军事安全部队。其职能可以由维持和平逐渐过渡到地区性冲突的防范。这一部队可以在冲突发生的潜在地区进行预先的部署，这就可以大大提高对应危机的反应速度。
2.3.2.
布防结构
2.3.2.1.平面结构
在全球范围内选择24个支点（包括热点地区），每个支点可以部署1200人，这1200人可以来源于3到4个国家。具体做法可以借鉴现有的联合国维持和平部队的实践。每一处驻军的最长时限可以为三年。联合国各个成员国都应有机会为联合国军事安全部队提供军力，并轮换地参与到24个支点的军事部署。
24个支点应充分利用现有的军事设施资源。
2.3.2.2.兵种结构
在24个不同的支点中，应尽可能地考虑多兵种的混合配置。单一支点可以是单一的兵种，但也可以是多兵种的。
2.3.2.3.空间结构
空间结构主要指联合国军事安全部队应包含海军，空军及外太空部队的合作机制。当然空间结构的布防可以主要由军事强国来提供资源，这里主要包括联合国安理会的成员国。
2.3.3.
军费来源
由于全球军事安全治理主要是一种冲突防范和威慑机制，军事合作和军事演练机制，因此，有一定的校园作用，因此，其经费应当由各个参与国自我承担，支点国家应尽量以免费的形式提供支点资源。这一点也可以参照联合国现有的实践予以解决。
2.3.4.
主要工作
2.3.4.1.冲突发生潜在地区的巡防及干预
2.3.4.2.维和行动的参与
2.3.4.3.军事合作与演练
2.3.4.4.发展与驻地国家的关系
3.
同安理会及区域性安全理事会的关系
联合国安理会和区域性安全理事会均是一种解决争议和处理地区冲突的上层国际组织。而联合国军事安全部队则是一种基础性的冲突防范和威慑机制，这一机制的建立将会大大减少地区性冲突的发生。他们之间的合作可以通过联合国军事安全署来进行。
4.
同所驻地国家的关系
联合国军事安全部队同支点国家的关系是一种合作的关系，但联合国军事安全部队只接受其上级的指令。在和平时期，联合国军事安全部队应尽量以不同的形式参与到支点国家的建设和发展中，尤其是紧急事务，例如：抗洪救灾，等等。联合国军事安全部队还可以以不同的形式参与到支点国家的军事教育中去。
5.
意义
全球军事安全治理机制完善的意义在于：
·
可以使大国军事集团的对抗性转为合作性
·
可以使地区性冲突发生后的维和转为预先的防范
·
多位立体地建立全球范围内的军事合作体系
·
多位一体地建立全球范围内的军事防御体系
·
建立全球范围内的军事交流与合作机制
·
建立全球范围内的军事教育机制
·
可以使联合国与各成员国的关系更为具体，更为紧密
6.
结语
全球军事安全治理概念的提出是对国际安全体制的一个重大贡献，也是备战全球治理思想的一个重要内容，将联合国维持和平部队更名为联合国军事安全部队，并建立联合国军事安全署，实现全球范围内的军事布防，将有助于理顺关系，将地区性冲突发生后的维和转为预先的防范，其意义是重大和多方面的。联合国同时也会因此实现对世界的更为有效的管理，并提高其国际管理的权威。
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