论公德心与私心

On Public Morality and Selfishness

论公德心与私心

In this society, we always praise the selfless noble character of the Grand Duke, and we always devalue selfish behaviors. So what is the relationship between public morality and selfishness?

The relationship between public morality and selfishness is reflected in the sociology as the relationship between public interest and individual interest. Public interests can be divided into following levels: family public interests, ethnic community public interests, community public interests, national public interests, regional public interests, country public interests, international regional public interests, and world public interests. There is only one foundation for these public interests, and that is the individual interest. The relationship between public interest and individual interest is as follows:

So what is the public interest? In my opinion, shared personal interests form public interests, and different levels of shared personal interests form different levels of public interests.

  

So what is personal interest? Personal interest is the wealth, rights, and what they created the social status, social influence, and better living environment required for the survival and development of each individual member of society.

Since every member of society has its own personal interests, each member of the society has its own personal and public interest structure chart. What kind priority should each member of society follow when making decisions on public and personal interests in social life? Every member of society should consider the order from personal interests to world interests.

In social life, members of society always pursue the greatest personal interests, such as: earning more money, being constantly promoted, living in a better house, and so on. Of course, social morality requires us to be consistent with the public interests when pursuing the greatest personal interests.

This theory can be proved by many facts, for example: “Even the dog swaggers when its master wins favor”. This idiom expresses the typical fact that personal interests and ethnic public interests develop together. Another example: Many countries and regions oppose carbon taxes, it is because the world public interests conflict with regional public interests, and regional public interests have priority.

Our shared founding father, Mr. Sun Yat-sen, has always advocated the idea of ​​" The world is equally shared by all. ", then is it truly selfless to be the world equally shared by all? The claim that the world is equally shared by all is also based on personal interests (selfishness). This is because the advocation of ​​being public is the best way to maximize his individual's merits and achieve his greatest leadership and influence, that is, to achieve his personal merit and achievement. So, selfishness is still the foundation. In simple terms: lovers must love themselves. Self-love means: love yourself, love kinsfolk, love parents, love children, love brothers and sisters, love hometown, love nation, and love country. Only those who love themselves will love others and truly realize the claim that the world is equally shared by all.

This theory has a strong guiding significance for realistic government work. For example, in the work of helping the poor, the interests of border region ethnic minorities must be considered, and the interests of officers’ own hometowns must be considered more, and must be considered with priority. Only in this way can we straighten out the interests, ethnic relations, and community relations, and we can obtain more support and acclaims from their surrounding people, and we can also obtain greater personal interests.

I hope that this article will enable everyone to have a very clear understanding of the relationship between personal interests and public interests, and to provide theoretical guidance for various decisions.

在这个社会上，我们总是褒扬大公无私的高尚品德，我们总是贬低自私自利的行为。那么公德心和私心到底是什么关系呢?

公德心和私心的关系在社会学上就体现为公共利益和个体利益的关系。公共利益又可层次性地分为： 家庭公共利益，族裔社区公共利益，社区公共利益，民族公共利益，区域公共利益，国家公共利益，国际区域公共利益和世界公共利益。而构成这些公共利益的基础就只有一个，那就是个体利益。公共利益和个体利益的关系见下：

那么什么是公共利益呢？以我看来，共有的个人利益的就形成公共利益，不同层次的共有的个人利益就形成不同层次的公共利益。

那么，什么是个人利益呢？ 个人利益就是每一个单个的社会成员生存与发展所需要的财富，权力，以及由此所产生的社会地位，社会影响力和较好的生存环境。

由于每一个社会成员都有其个人利益，每一个社会成员都有其个人利益和公共利益的结构图，每一个社会成员在社会生活中就公共利益和个人利益决策时，应该依照什么样的优先顺序来考虑呢？每一个社会成员都应该依照由个人利益到世界利益的顺序来考虑。

社会成员在社会生活中，总是在追求最大的个人利益，例如：挣更多的钱，不断地被提拔，住更好的房子，等等。当然，社会道德要求我们在追求最大的个人利益时，要同公共利益相一致。

这一理论可以由很多事实来证明，例如：一人得道，鸡犬升天。这句成语说的就是个人利益同族裔公共利益共同发扬光大的典型事实。再比如：很多国家和地区反对碳税，就是因为世界公共利益同区域公共利益向抵触，而区域公共利益具有优先权。

我们共有的国父孙中山先生一向倡导“天下为公”的思想，那么天下为公就真的是绝对的无私吗？天下为公的主张也是基于个人利益（私心）的。因为天下为公的主张可以使其个人的功名最大化，可以实现其最大的领导力和影响力，也就是为了实现其个人的功名成就。所以私心还是基础。通俗的讲：爱人者必自爱，自爱是指：爱自己，爱亲人，爱父母，爱孩子，爱兄弟姐妹，爱家乡，爱民族，爱国家。唯有自爱者才会爱他人，才会真正地做到天下为公。

这一理论对现实的政府工作有很强的指导意义。例如：扶贫的工作，边疆少数民族的利益要考虑，自己家乡的利益更要考虑，而且要优先考虑。只有这样，才能够理顺利益关系，族裔关系，社区关系，才能够获得更多的周边人的支持和拥戴，也才能够获得更大的个人利益。

希望我这篇文章能够使大家对个人利益和公共利益的关系有一个非常清晰的了解，并能够为各种决策提供理论指导。

Sunday, March 8, 2020

-- Beizhan Liu